The recent emergence of Nipah in Kerala has caused concern across India. Questions abound as the Covid-19 pandemic is still fresh in our minds. This guide provides information on the Nipah Virus, its symptoms, transmission methods, and precautions.
What is Nipah virus?
Nipah virus is a zoonotic pathogen, meaning that it can spread between animals and people. Derived from fruit bats, this infection causes serious illness including brain inflammation in humans as well as animals. Kerala’s Kozhikode reported six confirmed cases as of September 15, 2023. The fatality rate is concerning, since four of those diagnosed have succumbed. Understanding the symptoms and methods of transmission is important, given its severity.
Recognizing Symptoms of Nipah Virus
Three groups of symptoms are associated with the Nipah Virus.
- Asymptomatic Infections Asymptomatic infections still pose the potential risk of disease even without showing visible symptoms.
- Acute respiratory infection: Early symptoms resemble those seen with influenza such as fever, sore mouth, nausea, headache and muscle pain.
- Fatal encephalitis: Over time, those living with fatal encephalitis may develop neurological symptoms including dizziness and fatigue that could potentially progress to coma.
World Health Organization (WHO) reports that certain cases of atypical pneumonitis have been associated with respiratory complications, with symptoms typically appearing four-14 days post exposure. In rare cases, this incubation can last up to 45 days.
Protect yourself: Essential precautions against the Nipah virus
The Nipah Virus is a virus that can be prevented. WHO has provided several guidelines to reduce the risk.
- Avoiding High-Risk animals: Do not come in contact with fruit bats or sick pigs.
- Hand Hygiene: Wash hands regularly with soap and warm water or hand sanitizers in areas affected by disease.
- Safe food practices: Avoid products that may have been contaminated with bats or by infected people.
- Social Distancing – Maintain distance from people who show symptoms in areas where there are confirmed cases and avoid the places they frequent.
- Avoid direct contact: Do not come in contact with the blood or body fluids from an infected person or animal.
Current Status and Treatment Options
Nipah Virus has proven difficult to treat since its discovery in 2000; therefore preventive measures and early diagnosis and supportive care could potentially help limit its severity.
Staying Vigilant Against the Nipah Viral
The Nipah virus is a serious threat. However, timely decisions and informed actions can help to curtail the spread of this virus. To ensure the safety of individuals and communities, it is important to stay informed, recognize symptoms and follow recommended precautions. Research continues to be conducted, and we can expect more effective interventions soon.
